The Presidential Office and the President As Party Leader

Syftet med studien är att undersöka kommunikationsmönster hos fem biologilärare på gymnasiet och deras elevgrupper med fokus på frågor. Frågeställningarna avser att undersöka i vilken omfattning lärare och elever ställer frågor och vilka typer av frågor som ställs. Studien analyserar vilka ramfaktorer lärare och elever anser påverkar kommunikationsmönster i form av frågor. Kvantitativ och kvalitativ data har samlats in genom observationer i klassrum, intervjuer med lärare och enkätundersökning med eleverna. Kvantitativ data har analyserats med hjälp av en statistisk programvara, SIMCA-P+. Resultatet visade att frågor utgör en stor del av den kommunikation som sker i ett klassrum, vid jämförelse av olika lärare och elevgrupper är det stor skillnad i hur många och vilka typer av frågor som ställs. Kommunikationsmönstret styrs främst av vilken lärare eller elevgrupp som observerats, därefter kommer undervisningens utformning. Elevenkäterna visade att i vilken grad eleverna förstår, undervisningens utformning och klassrumsklimatet är viktiga ramfaktorer för kommunikation i form av frågor

Happy Soldiers are Highest Performers

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.The article of record as published may be found at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00441-xWe examined the prediction of affective well-being to work performance in the United States Army. We found that high positive affect (PA), low negative affect (NA), and high optimism predicted awards for performance and heroism in a sample of 908,096 U.S. Army soldiers (mean age 29.60 years old, SD = 9.16 years; with over 1⁄4 of a million ethnic minor- ities and over 150,000 women). Baseline high PA, low NA, and high optimism predicted awards over a four-year follow up window, in which 114,443 soldiers (12.60%) received an award. Each well-being variable predicted future awards for both women and men, for enlisted soldiers as well as officers, for several ethnicities, for varying levels of education, and controlling for a number of other potential explanatory variables. The effects of high positive and low negative affect were additive, with each predicting significantly beyond the other. Comparing the soldiers highest vs. lowest in well-being predicted an almost four- fold greater award recognition in the high group. Awards were predicted by both high and low arousal positive emotions, as well as low sadness and low anger. The relations between PA, NA, and optimism with award attainment were curvilinear, with the greatest difference in award attainment occurring between low and moderate levels of affective well-being, with little effect between moderate and high well-being.Identified in text as U.S. Government work

Elite dan modernisasi

Yogyakartaix, 221 p.; 21 c

Individual and experiential predictors of character development across the deployment cycle

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08902070211012931How soldiers adapt to and change in response to the deployment experience has received a great deal of attention. What predicts which soldiers are resilient and which soldiers decline in character strengths across the deployment transition? We examined this question in two analyses drawing from the same data source of soldiers deploying for the first time (Analysis 1: N ¼ 179,026; Analysis 2: N ¼ 85,285; Mage¼ 24.6–24.7 years old, SD ¼ 4.87; 66.5–66.9% White). Specifically, we examined how individual (e.g. sociodemographic, military) and deployment (e.g. stressful experiences) characteristics predict character development across the deployment cycle. Character strengths were assessed once before and up to three times after soldiers’ return from deployment. Reproducing previous work, we found evidence for two classes of change—a resilient class (“stable high”) and a recovery class (“persistent low”). The strongest predictor of high, resilient character strength levels was better self-rated health at baseline. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that drive character development, evidence for post-traumatic growth, and practical implications for the U.S. ArmyOffice of the Deputy Under Secretary of the ArmyArmy Analytics GroupResearch Facilitation LaboratoryRobert Wood Johnson Foundatio